QUESTION—What relationship is indicated by οὖν ‘therefore’? 1. It indicates an exhortation based on the fact of the general defection [Brd, El, TNTC], on the past exhortations in 1:13–14 [GNC, ICC, My], on the examples of Paul (1:12) and Onesiphorus (1:16–17) [Alf, El], on section 1:15–18 [LSA], or on all of chapter 1 [NTC]. 2. It is transitional, introducing a new admonition [Lns]. Nothing precedes on which this exhortation is based [Lns]. It indicates a resumption of the exhortations [El, GNC,